Prenatal Alcohol Exposure And Childhood Behavior At Age 6

Ashley Avalos. PSY 230 – Fall 2016–PAPER ASSIGNMENT, REVIEW OF ARTICLE #1 Article. Sood, B. Delaney-Black, V. (2001). Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Childhood Behavior at Age 6 to 7 Years: I. Dose- Response Effect. Research Question. The main research question proposed in this study: 1) does alcohol affect children prenatally. The hypothesis that researchers draw is if there are adverse effects of children who were exposed to a low dosage of alcohol at the age of 6 to 7 years of age. This study wanted to find the amount of alcohol it would take for children to exhibit problem behaviors. Sample. The focus of this study were primarily black females within the Detroit University hospital. There is an uneven balance between racial groups because 90% of woman who go to this hospital are black. Participants had been screened during their pregnancy for alcohol, cocaine, tobacco, and other drugs that they could have used during this time. Also, time frame at which participants had to have given birth was between September 1, 1989, and August 31, 1991. Follow ups were intensively sought after by phone, mailing address, or if necessary, directly to the front door of the participant. There was no respo nse rate clearly stated. During the final study conducted, of the 664 participants, 94% of them agreed to be in the study. Additionally, participants who had missed previous testing appointments, had congenital malformations other than fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) were excludedShow MoreRelatedCause And Effects Of Juvenile Delinquency1458 Words   |  6 Pagesthe early twenties 40-60%) (National Institute of Justice, 2014). 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The History Of Veterans Day - 1150 Words

The History of Veterans Day Every year on November 11 we honor and remember all U.S. veterans who fought for our country and freedom. We express our gratitude, and reflect on the sacrifices that were made from all the men and women throughout history. Veterans Day has been an annual holiday since 1938, and originated on November 11, 1919 after WWI (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2015). Veterans Day is not just like any other American holiday. It expresses our thanks, as American citizens, to all of those that came and fought before us to keep the United States a free country. Veterans Day has evolved over the years from being a day to honor the veterans of World War I, to becoming a staple in the American calendar so that citizens†¦show more content†¦President Wilson knew it was no longer feasible to remain neutral and on April 2, 1917, he appeared before congress and requested a declaration of war (History.com, 2010). On June 26, the first 14,000 U.S infantry troops landed in France and began tr aining for combat. A stalemate lasted for several years on the western front; this was mainly due to the weaponry used during the war. Miles of trenches were dug into the ground and supported by machine guns; many deaths occurred in order for either side to advance. There were a staggering total of 320,518 American casualties during the time span of the war (History.com, 2010). World War I formally ended on June 28, 1919 when the treaty of Versailles was signed in the Palace of Versailles in France (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2015). Even though this was the official ending of the â€Å"Great War,† fighting had come to a halt seven months earlier with an armistice, or temporary agreement to cease fighting (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2015). This armistice took place on the eleventh hour, of the eleventh day, of the eleventh month (U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, 2015). This has been known as â€Å"the war to end all wars.† On November 11, 1919, President Woodrow Wilson declared this day as the first commemoration of â€Å"Armistice Day† (Wilson, 1919). He expressed the importance of this day through these words: To us in America, the reflections of armistice Day

Female Nursing Students in the Operating Room free essay sample

Clinical competency is the ability of an individual to use his knowledge effectively in doing something. Clinical competence can be perceived as a way of demonstration on which learner attempts to perform the skill with cues from the teacher as needed. This competency is necessary in nursing profession (Bastable, 2004). Mimi (2006), pointed out that nursing profession is a tedious job on which primary goal is to render health care services towards patient. Its practice is the actual provision of nursing care through nursing care plan that is encompassed in nursing process. With all of this process, nursing sectors exemplifies by education, administration and service, collaborating with each other just to uplift the standard for safe and quality nursing care. In fact, Chung (2009) affirmed that, nursing students are required to participate in clinical education, training and assessment in order to ensure that they can apply their knowledge in a competent manner for the care of their patients. He also agreed that although the study of medicine, anatomy, physiology, pharmacology and clinical research is important for the practice of becoming a nurse, nursing students must also acquire the skills necessary to achieve competency. Clinical performance of nursing student is measured through observation and feedback during clinical rotations they are also assessed using stimulated scenarios with patients in a fair and objective way. Moreover, clinical performance of nursing students can be assessed and compared objectively through assessing their cognitive skills, psychomotor skills and their effectiveness. (Adah 2009) Truly that, to better attest the student’s learning in regards with these certain topics, they are allow to apply their knowledge into practice, however, assurance is not well imposed – for insufficiency in acquired insights has been empirically observed through passing years. According to Ashby (2009), an estimated of 56. % of those students who commits mistake in their respective clinical areas were attributed to medication calculation. They admitted that not all information were reflected well in nursing curriculum, there were times when a student must explore within himself some of the pertinent information to aid in developing critical thinking that can possibly use during difficulties related with patient care. Statement of the Problem The main objective of the study was to determine the clinical performance of NCM 105 students particularly in the Operating Room. Specifically, this study sought to answer the following: 1. What is the clinical performance of NCM 105 male nursing students in the operating room? 2. What is the clinical performance of NCM 105 female nursing students in the operating room? 3. Is there any significant difference between the male and female NCM 105 students in terms of their clinical performance? Hypothesis There is no significant difference between the male and female NCM 105 students in terms of their clinical performance. This segment consists of a collection of pertinent readings, published and unpublished, in local or foreign settings. It tends to specify where the previous study ends and where the current study begins, and the similarities and differences of related researches to the current research. Clinical performance is the capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care – an ability that is necessary nowadays. With an increase shortage of qualified nurses in the health care workforce, as consequence of this, there had been several significant government nquiries into issues associated with the recruitment and retention of nurses. Hass (2004) stated that it could be reasonably argued that the effort and resources, that are employed to recruit nursing students, has little value when the educative resources and curricula may not be preparing graduates for academic success. He further implied what is required is a mechanism to predict academic and clinical success for nursing students during the course of their studies. In this way, educational resources can be best honed to meet best the needs of the students and the profession/workforce. In response with this problem, lots of effort and preparation have been made to help students in molding their clinical performance. In fact, based on the study of Wiliam (2008), he affirmed that in order for the students to be well prepared, it is must for them to participate in a formal education program, either at an associate’s degree or bachelor’s degree level. Moreover, formal education includes course work in areas such as pathophysiology, chemistry, psychology, nutrition and anatomy. An appropriate background in clinical knowledge and theory will help prepare nursing student for competent clinical performance. This was supported by Kernel (2010), when he asserted that the first year and second year baccalaureate and associate degree students completed a portion of their clinical experience in a Regional Simulation Center, supported through a partnership of both nursing programs and a regional medical center. Students had an opportunity to respond to the evidence – based patient scenarios programmed into the patient simulators. The goal of these clinical assignments was to encourage the critical thinking skills of the various levels of students, as well as develop appropriate psycho – motor patient care skills. With all the knowledge that they had been acquired from previous curriculum, students must be put into scenario wherein they can develop critical thinking like emergency room or operating rooms – for pressures more likely to occur. Evans et. al. ,(2010) stated that all nursing education programs have a clinical component, in which student are supervised by clinicians in clinical setting, such as a hospital, a clinic home care or long – term care. Most education programs prescribed a number of hours of clinical work that nursing students are required to complete, with learning objectives specific to the nursing student’s level of learning. A preceptor is responsible for ensuring that nursing students receive the clinical experiences necessary to meet the learning objectives and also for providing feedback to the nursing student. Michael Pfiel (2010), exemplified that operating rooms are considered to be special in any hospital setting. Extra precautions are needed. The practice of the principles of sterile technique is strictly implemented such as proper gloving and gowning in order to ensure not only the client’s safety but also the health care practitioners. Instrument used in procedures done in these area are also mastered by the student to assure the proper handling. One of the duties of the competent nursing student is to be able to perform proper nursing intervention during and after the procedure to ensure the patient’s fast recovery and prevent further complications. The competency of each nursing student is not only measured academically but also in hospital – setting experiences. Nursing school facilities and Dean’s efforts are not effective without help of the student. In order for the administration to capture students’ interest, they must first provide a basic knowledge in regards with the objective, as well as scope of nursing. The primary objective of measuring clinical performance in nursing education is to ensure students can provide safe care. Core competencies are evaluated in a real – world setting, usually alongside a licensed nurse who serves as a guide and a mentor. The development of critical – thinking skills is one of the most important learning objectives of clinical performance. In applying the acquired knowledge coming from nursing curriculum, students may possibly enhance their skill and competitiveness. It is important for an evidenced – based practice. To determine the clinical performance of students, they must be measured through lots of way. Truly that, to better attest the student’s learning in regards with these certain topics, they are allow to apply their knowledge into practice, however, assurance is not well imposed – for insufficiency in acquired insights has been empirically observed through passing years. Most of research attributed failures of students to insufficient support coming from the Nursing Administration or education. Professors tend to provide less strategy to elevate the learning of their students. Rogers (2010) supported this as he stated that most of us in the field of education will admit that learning is not limited to classroom, and it is possible for learner’s to â€Å"learn† something different than what was intended in the classroom. Very often, instructors have to spend inordinate amounts of time trying to design curriculum and presentation techniques to frustrate those students who wish to only learn the path of least resistance through a course. This learned behavior by students, though, is at least partially a result of a curriculum design that focuses on memorization (imitation/repetition) as the dominant method of assessment. It is an environment where students are judged their ability to imitate. However, it contrast on the study of Pitman et al. (2011) when the result revealed that there was invariant relationship between educational achievement and clinical performance. They concluded that students who did well academically in semester 4 (NCM 105) tended to rate themselves as needing more supervision in order to show clinical competence. While students who did not perform as well in semester 4 rated themselves as needing less supervision clinically. Although, schools contributes to the failure of students, the blame must not be place directly to them because there are lots of factor that precipitate a student to focus less on their education. Some declares that gender is one of these factors, for the behavior of an individual depends on their environment and how they are willing to be affected by this problem. American Society of Registered Nurses when they affirmed that nursing student relate new knowledge directly of their areas of work and such relevance to practice helps motivate them to learn more about the subject, thereby increase their self confidence and developing problem solving and decision – making skills. Moreover, gender is associated with differences in attitudes within the operating room. They further added that according to the latest statistics, male student represents just a small fraction of the nursing workforce. The popular notion that the nursing is not for men and admission capacity constraints of nursing schools seem to be major obstacles towards bringing men to the profession. Based on Jeffreys (2003), he stated that some factors may also affect why male nursing students got a lower grade compare to female nursing students in the operating room. Moreover, to consider the maturity level of both, the female take the activity seriously and maturely compare to male. Most male nursing students take the rotation as nothing or they are physically present but mentally absent. Furthermore, there are also some factors that we are going to consider as well, when requirements needed. They may be good during assisting in the operation but when it comes to the quiz and as well as the requirements, the male nursing students do not take it seriously. It was supported by the study of Blackman et al. (2004), when they used the achievement in the clinical assessments in nursing and in particular using the OSCE assessment format, and found out that female students achieve at a level significantly higher than males in certain specific medical assessment. In order for the students to resolve their interpersonal dilemma, they must be first aware on their attitude towards prioritization. When a student had already made some personal changes, it is now the time that professors as well as administration must provide great support. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework The study was anchored on the Benner’s Novice to Expert Model. In the landmark work From Novice to Expert: Excellence and Power in Clinical Nursing Practice, Dr. Patricia Benner introduced the concept that student nurses has competency and understanding of patient care over time through a sound educational base as well as a multitude of experiences. She proposed that one could gain knowledge and skills (â€Å"knowing how†) without ever learning the theory (â€Å"knowing that†). Applying this in the context of the study, student nurses as a beginner needs to be educated. It is a must for them to master every lesson related to their future practices. Schools and professors on the other hand must be the one who assess and maintain their competency level. Along with students, they should be the one who are able to bridge the gap between nursing education and nursing services. But obviously, students themselves must know how to be proficient in an independent manner. Behavior is important regardless of a social norm evolving in gender. As time goes by, if students gain an enormous amount of knowledge, they will be able to provide an evidenced – based practice but with an aid of a books or a supervisor. With eagerness to be competent, they’ll do everything to be educated through advance practice and lots of experience, thus making them an expert one. However, it is a must to remember that learning is not only important during the study process; it is needed throughout the life of a nurse. Figure 1 shows the conceptual framework of the study. Illustrated is the independent variable which is the clinical performance in the operating room along with moderator variables, the male and female nursing students. The researchers provided a connection between the variables understudied to point out as to whether the moderator variables differ significantly in relation to their clinical performance in the operating room. This was designed to guide the researchers throughout process of study. Moderator Variables Independent Variable Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study Significance of the Study This section emphasized the significant contributions of the research study to its targeted population, to the different sectors in nursing education and nursing service and its implication to future researches in nursing. To the Nursing Administrators, the findings of the study serves as an additional insights about clinical performance of nursing students knowing that they had a dilemma in producing competitive students clinically, may this be given priority in planning and implementing policy and guidelines. To nursing Students, being aware of their status will make them develop ways on how to improve their skills as well as their knowledge. Knowing the level of their clinical performance students can help evaluate themselves as well as their learning and to find some effective strategies to study harder to improve their performance. To Future Researchers, the findings of the study will provide future researchers information which could be relevant for future research studies.. Definition of Terms This portion facilitates further understanding of study by defining the terms according to their operational use. Clinical Performance in the Operating Room. This refers to the demonstration of the different nursing procedures in the special area particularly in the operating room, by which cognitive, affective and psychomotor skills were incorporated as reflected in their progress reports graded by their respective clinical instructors. Male and Female Nursing Students. They refer to the subjects of the study who were the B. S. in Nursing students, male and female, enrolled in the NCM 105 concept during the first 1st semester of school 2011 2012. CHAPTER 2 METHODOLOGY This chapter includes the research, the research subjects, the instruments, the data gathering procedure and the statistical tools used in the study. Research Design The researchers utilized the descriptive comparative design. The researchers tried to compare two variables with a view to discover something about one or all of the being compared. Applying this in the context of study on the Clinical Performance of NCM 105 Male and Female Nursing Students in the Operating Room, the researchers determined the level of performance of male and female nursing students and whether a significant difference existed between the two. Research Subjects The subjects of the study were the fourth year nursing students of John Paul ll College of Davao, enrolled in NCM 105 concept during the 1st semester of school year 2011-2012. In choosing sample subjects, the proponents utilized non – probability sampling, the quota sampling wherein 40 students were taken, 20 male and 20 female nursing students.

Andy Warhol Essay Fame Example For Students

Andy Warhol Essay Fame Never before have I encountered more intriguing works of art than those done by Andy Warhol. I have been curious about his life ever since I saw his work in Milwaukee. I saw his famous work of the Campbells Soup Can. By viewing this, one can tell he is not your average artist. Im sure his life is full of interesting events that shaped him into who he was. As an artist myself, I would like to get to know the background of his life. I may then be able to appreciate his styles and understand why and how his works were created. His life is as interesting as his artistic masterpieces. Andrew Warhola his original name was born one of three sons of Czech immigrants, somewhere in Pennsylvania on either August 6, 1928 or on September 28, 1930 the date on his birth certificate. His father died when Andy was at a very young age. Thus, it forced Andy into a deep depression containing lack of self confidence. Much of his young life has been kept secret. However, he did report being very shy and depressed because he never felt comfortable with his homosexuality. His childhood life may have been full of the torture that children threw at him for being the different person he was. He was able to attend college. After graduating with a Bachelor of Arts degree in pictorial design from Carnegie Institute of Technology in 1949, he went to New York City with Philip Pearlstein, who was a fellow student that later became a well-known realist painter. In 1960, Warhol finally began to paint in earnest and to view art seriously as a career. He began his career with commercial drawings of womens shoes. In 1961, an early manifestation was his Dick Tracy, an enlarged version of the comic strip that was placed in the window of Lord Taylors department store. He followed in his own footsteps to keep going in the ever-so-famous pop art track. Warhols use of images are so close to the images themselves, thanks to the photographic silkscreen technique, which is a process of applying the same image over and over again without changing the original. In 1963, he began turning film into his next aesthetic. He was the recorder of the world around him. Warhol saw this world as populated by hustlers of various sorts, motivated largely by money and the goods it would buy. Later that next year, he started to experiment in underground film. In the late 70s he began to use sex and nudity to gain attention in his films. Whether this was moral or not; it did, however, work. The rest of his short life was spent visiting with celebrities and keeping up with the worlds times. He tried to understand how the rest of the world saw things, but just never got there. Sadly, Warhol died of a heart failure on March 9, 1987, still wearing his famous blond hair wig. Andys diaries arenot actual written records of his day to day accounts, but they are audio recordings of his phone conversations to Pat Hackett every Monday through Friday from Wednesday, November 24, 1976 to Tuesday, February 17, 1987, just weeks before his death. Warhol originally intended these daily records to be documentation of his minor business expenses. He was just audited and felt the need to be extra careful. In a word it was a diary. But whatever its broader objective, its narrow one, to satisfy tax auditors, was always on my mind Warhol xvi. Later on, he felt the diaries were a great way to explain his everyday occurrences for more than a decade of his life. This view of his life from his eyes is probably the most balanced view ever given. He may have changed since the 60s, but it is still the truest representation of Andy, himself. Vincent Van Gogh Life and Paintings EssayHe did this so he could shrink away from human touch Moritz 591. A man who started his life shy and uncomfortable, blossomed into an outspoken artist, now finished his life with feelings even worse than the beginning of his life. After extensive research I found that Andy had much more to his life than I had originally expected. He was involved in the classic rock band The Velvet Underground, with famous singer Lou Reed. He actually even designed a few of the album covers. Most people remember the self-entitled album with the picture of a banana on it. Directly to the left of the banana read the words peel me. If one would peel it, it would reveal the pink insides of a banana. Truly a work of Andy, I must say. Another thing I found was that Andy was not only homosexual, but he was omnisexual. It was rumored he had no problem with sex with anyone or anything. Men, women, animals, you name it, it was probably thought of. And last of all I found he was unusually kind and appreciative to others, especially the ones who worked for him. Pat Hackett, his editor, once said that she has never met a person who says thank you as much as Andy does. Not once have I been more informed on a persons life. In the beginning I thought I knew a lot about. This research on Andy Warhol definitely reinforced my positive view of him. It may have possibly enhanced my appreciation for him as well. I enjoyed the honesty of the entire diary. Nothing was hidden from the reader and I felt as informed as a good friend of his would feel. His life is an interesting one and I believe more people should try to investigate other lives of the unusual. It expands your own viewpoints to accept those of others. Many critics have different viewpoints on Warhols autobiography. He was still appreciated by those who understood his ideas. But he had to have had some sense of history, or he wouldnt have left the diaries behind to try to explain everything to future generations Plagens 1732. Some realize that the diaries are rather boring, but seem to see the true Andy come through in the entries. Despite their virtuoso triviality, their naive snobbery and their incredible length, the diaries are not without a certain charm Amis 1732. Others saw the diaries as a simplistic record of events. His diaries are more or less just records of who went where and did what with whom, that anybody else whod been along could have kept Plagens 1732. Its too bad he didnt start the diaries earlier in his life, such as the 60s, when it would have been more interesting to know what he did and whom he was with, instead of waiting until 1976 to begin Plagens 1732. Some even complained of the editing job done by Pat Hackett. One problem with the diaries is their postmodern polish, such as the casual proofreading and editing Trebay 1732. The reason the editor didnt fit up to par was the mere fact she wanted it to sound how Andy explained the day. still the book is great social history with its lip-smacking tales of loveless, sexless marriages, its gimlet-eyed view of other peoples success, and its rampant unclosetings Trebay 1732. I, myself, found the book very entertaining and a great nonchalant look at the famous and their everyday lives. It may have been organized better and condensed a bit, but none-the-less it was still interesting and kept me reading.

Film Analysis of the Matrix free essay sample

Since the invention of film, many movies have earned their place as benchmarks in cinema history, such as Casablanca, citizen kane, and The Wizard of Oz. All of these have been (and still are) looked upon as iconic examples of creative and intuitive filmmaking. In today’s society, films are chock full of special effects, whether its gunshots, explosions, or aliens; some films nowadays can even make money without a good plot, peppering the viewer with nonstop action sequences with no thought for story or character development (Avatar, Transformers, etc. There are millions of people that go to see movies like this every year and are entertained, but experienced moviegoers are not so enthralled by this action marinated idiocy. Good action movies are written and directed by people that care equally about visuals and characters, and not just spewing special effects at the observer and hoping the flood of mindless paraphernalia will provide them with money to create a string of equa lly bad sequels and knockoffs. We will write a custom essay sample on Film Analysis of the Matrix or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Matrix, (written and directed by the wachowski Brothers) is one such movie. It perfectly melds together underlying symbolism, special effects, and Visual style to create one of the greatest science fiction films of all time. The Matrix contains many instances of symbolism that range from religious to philosophical. Gnosticism is the main religious influence in the matrix; (Gnosticism as an offshoot of Christianity, in which knowledge instead of faith is what its followers strive for). In The matrix, the main group of characters has broken free from the illusion of the matrix. In essence, knowledge is what frees them, (only people that have become partially aware that the matrix is an illusion are chosen to be rescued from it). The Gnostic version of God created the world, but is also responsible for all of the suffering that occurs in it. But the chosen Gnostics ascend above the suffering with their newfound pursuit of knowledge. The matrix parallels this idea with the character of the architect. The architect created the matrix, and is responsible for all suffering in it; But the few that suspect the falsity of the matrix break free and see the truth of what it really is. The most prevalent philosophical influence is Platos cave. Platos cave is, at its simplest, an idea that the real world is an illusion, explained in his writing The Republic. In the cave allegory, several people are bound in a cave with their heads facing the wall, unable to turn their heads. Behind them there are a number of torches casting shadows onto the wall. These people (as they cannot turn their heads and see outside the cave) believe that the real world is entirely made up of the shadows. One day someone escapes their bonds and sees the world for what it really is. He in turn tries to free the other prisoners and show them the truth about life. This idea is also mirrored in The Matrix; the matrix (the world humanity lives in) Is fake, and the people that have escaped go back into it to try to free others. Special effects in film can be represented by many different concepts; and The Matrix is no exception. The Wachowskis are big comic book fans, and drew from their affection of that medium to create the movie. The fight scenes defy the laws of physics and are mostly created with the use of Wire Fu (the name derives from the use of wires to do impossible stunts in Martial arts action films). Almost all the fight scenes embrace this technique to do impossible things such as running on walls, jumping over gigantic gaps and fighting in mid air. Another famous effect from The Matrix is the bullet time effect. The effect is when time stops and the camera flies freely around characters and objects suspended in mid air. This effect shows the audience the action in the scenes without overwhelming them with too much fast movement. And when the effect is paired with numerous instances of slow motion; the impact of the film is increased astronomically. Visual style is one of the films major strong points which separate it from other films such as Star Wars, or Independence day. The Matrix and the real world have many subtle differences that separate them; for one thing, the matrix is always tinted in green whereas the real world (in the film) is displayed in a more normalized manner. The film further differentiates the two settings with their physical representation. The only part of the Matrix we are shown is a city, full of straight lines, like a Grid. Thomas Anderson’s Workplace is an office full of cubicles, which re enforces the mentality that the Matrix is artificial, like the lines of code that we eventually see make up the matrix. The other main setting is the ship â€Å"The Nebuchadnezzar†. The ship has straight lines, but is also full of Curves and other organic shapes. The costuming in the movie is also very unique, whenever the main characters enter the Matrix; they are clothed in Leather, suites, and/or sunglasses. The costumes separate the characters from the monotony of the Matrix. The Camera in The Matrix is very active compared to other films. There are tons of authorial shots in the movie, cameras fly through the air, zoom and dissolve from computer monitors to interrogation chambers, and the setting can change from shot to shot in one scene. The nature of the camera is another concept drawn from The Wachowski’s love of comic books; where the camera can virtually be placed anywhere. The Matrix is seen by many as a simple sci-fi action film, but few grasp how creative and intuitive of a film it is. It shows us that the sci-fi genre doesnt always involve aliens and spaceships, but that most threats to humanity originate from humanity itself. The movie uses special effects as a tool to advance the story, and not as a way to distract the audience from areas the film lacks quality in. It may not excel in every category, but it fails at none. The Matrix is not only one of historys best science fiction films, but one of the best films ever.

Colonization Within France Essays - Eugen Weber, Peasant

Colonization Within France Essays - Eugen Weber, Peasant Colonization within France Weber, Eugen. Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France 1870-1914. Stanford: Stanford Univ. Press. 1976. The nineteenth century witnessed a massive amount of change on almost all levels. The birth of liberal democracy during the French Revolution continued to expand as the growing middle classes demanded more political power to be equal with the economic clout. Nationalism began to play a significant role in the way people and countries viewed themselves. The flourishing Industrial Revolution is what gave rise to the middle class as they were about to use the technological advances in transportation, communications, and the production of energy to enhance their position in society. While a growing number of people flocked to the cities in search of a better life, a substantial portion of the population remained in the countryside and isolated to the changes of the century. Eugen Weber states in his introduction how he had always been fascinated with how there existed two cultures within France during the last part of the nineteenth century, and the works which piqued this interest. In 1944 Roger Thabault wrote about the changes in culture and politics which occurred in several French villages from 1848 until 1914. Four years later Andr? Varagnac, a folklorist, shifted the emphasis from the villages to the countryside when he wrote about how the traditions of the peasants died and were not replaced during this same period. Eugen Weber attempts to combine the methodology of these two studies to illustrate how disconnected France was and through the modernization which occurred during the first forty-five years of the Third Republic that France truly became a unified nation. In the first section of the book Weber describes "the way things were" prior to 1870. Within these first eleven chapters Weber illustrates how these peasants did not speak French, were not aware of the metric system, still maintained their local currencies, and had little access to the world outside their village due to poor roads. Without such a commonality of language or systems Weber believes that it would be impossible to think that France, particularly the country side, had a national consciousness. For those city-dwellers who did venture into the hinterlands they looked at themselves as an explorer or missionary trying to tame a "country of savages". They were dismayed to find that there were still large parts of the country where French was not understood. It was widely believed that the peasants needed to become French. The next nine chapters contains the most important section of the book; Weber aims to show how the peasants were made into Frenchmen through modernization. Weber focuses on the triumvirate of expansion and improvement of roads, military service, and compulsory education as the primary "agencies of change". An extensive system had been in existence in France for quite some time, but in the period under study Weber explains that many of these roads did not reach the hinterlands. The new by-roads allowed for formally isolated areas, e.g. Brittany, to become physically connected with France. The humiliating defeat to the Prussians compelled the stricter enforcement of conscription into military service forced young men to learn French and come into contact with people from outside his region. As peasant children's attendance at school started to improve after the improvement of roads and the educational reforms of Jules Ferry were implemented during the 1880's they began to ! learn the French language of Paris and what it was to be French. While their parents would speak their patois, these regional languages would eventually diminish with them. In the final section of the book states that these regional languages and several other elements of peasant popular culture would become "changed and assimilated" into a greater French culture. The old traditions had changed. No longer was there an inherent fear of outsiders as the peasants began to see in the utility of them in aiding them with trade and industry. The old oral tradition of the veil?ethe time spent with the community between supper and bedtime working and keeping warmdied as the peasants moved into warmer homes and began to enjoy the privacy of the family. In his conclusion, Weber attempts to use his thesis for broader implications. Weber

Stock Market Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Stock Market Paper - Essay Example History of the Company After the success of Walt Disney Land in California, Walt Disney had the idea of creating an even bigger resort which would include all different kinds of fantasy worlds in which people could lose themselves. When it opened, just outside of Orlando, Florida it covered approximately 107 acres; the theme park portion of the resort was referred to as The Magic Kingdom. It featured Adventureland, Fantasyland, Frontierland, Liberty Square, Tomorrowland, Main Street USA, and about 5,500 cast members (#2). Resort planners intentionally scheduled the opening in October, as opposed to the summer months because they wanted the opening numbers to be small, having learned their lesson from the issues that arose with the opening of Walt Disney Land. Walt Disney World was to be so much larger than Walt Disney Land, and the planners wanted to ensure that Walt’s dream was realized without a hitch; if issues arose due to the increased size and cast, they would be easier to deal with and identify with a smaller amount of guests. They had 10,000 guests on opening day. In addition to The Magic Kingdom, there were two hotels that were included in the resort itself, the Contemporary and the Polynesian Village (#2). Product Lines Walt Disney World has several different product lines that are all incorporated around the resort and theme park itself, having expanded to include three additional theme parks, and two water parks, as well as numerous hotels; the theme parks now include The Magic Kingdom, Epcot, Disney’s Hollywood Studios, and Disney’s Animal Kingdom. The water parks now present are Disney’s Typhoon Lagoon and Disney’s Blizzard Beach. This does not include the other branches of entertainment that Disney has added, like the Disney Cruise Lines (#3). Walt Disney World’s customer base includes â€Å"children of all ages;† they work to be geared towards all ages of clientele (though if you look too much lik e a Disney character, you may be kicked out of the park (#4).) Marketing Strategy There are many different marketing strategies employed by Walt Disney World, from the computer generated image of the park that is now present at the beginning of each and every Walt Disney film, to the commercials advertising Walt Disney World, all the way down to references to the theme park that are included in movies of all genres, but the marketing strategies of the park do not stop there. With a steep price tag to get into the park itself (over $80 (#5) per person, per day), there are many people who feel like though they may want a souvenier to commemorate their trip, but that the additional price tag is too expensive. Disney’s got the customer covered there too. They introduced three inch tall Vinylmation figurines for $10 each, everything from the characters themselves, to the attractions that are present in the park. The catch behind these souvenirs is that they come in unmarked boxes – consumers never know which one they will get (sort of like a souvenir grab bag); the nice thing about this marketing ploy is that if the consumer does not like the one they get, there are three opened figurines placed by the register, and the buyer may choose to swap out the one they got for one of the three present at the register itself (#5); this ensures that additional items are purchased, as people love the mystery, and offers them a semi-guarantee that they will

Out of Gas and the Quest for Renewable Energy Resources and Simpler Term Paper

Out of Gas and the Quest for Renewable Energy Resources and Simpler Lifestyles During the 1950s - Term Paper Example These changes transformed standards of living, where people evolved from being small-time energy users to ultimately becoming insatiable energy consumers. Second, Goldstein discusses Hubbert’s prediction on oil, coal, and natural production and consumption levels. Hubbert forecasted that the United States will reach the peak of its oil production in the 1970s. Furthermore, Hubbert also showed that the estimated two trillion barrels of oil in the world will run out too, and that the crisis will begin, not until people have consumed the last drop of oil, but when they reached the peak of its production. Goldstein is arguing that people should wake up to the certainty that the world is running out of gas, and that continuously depending on fossil fuels alone would not be enough to respond to the energy needs of the future. He explores different alternative energy resources and explains the advantages and disadvantages of each source. He predicts that based on the rate-of-conversi on problems, the production of existing alternative fuels will not be enough to substitute for oil demand, unless vast progress on their technologies can be attained in a few years. Goldstein notes that ethanol is renewable energy, but is a negative energy resource, because of the production costs. ... On the contrary, it presents considerable safety and nuclear waste issues. Moreover, it cannot power ordinary automobiles. Goldstein finds promising developments in hydrogen-based energy production and improving battery technology to power up the transportation industry. Cars can run on advanced batteries and transport people and goods over short routes. Hydrogen is clean energy, but further research has to be done to improve its efficient production. Moreover, Goldstein is asking his readers to live simpler lives that will reduce energy consumption. I believe in the Hubbert Peak Theory, because the moment society reaches the peak of oil production, tumbling down becomes much faster, like the bell curve production that Hubbert generated. We just need to take a good look at our own lives and around us to see how much we use up energy. We use it in everything we do. In our cars, in lighting our homes and workplaces, in using our computers, tablets, cellular phones, and MP3 players, and even in producing gadgets that do not use up electrical energy like brooms and pens. Multiply that usage across the world, and especially in booming economies, where energy expenditure rises like tidal waves, and we get a rough idea of what unbridled energy consumption means. Once we reach peak oil, gas, and coal production, by that time, our consumption rates must have increased too, as population rates soar and people grow older and use more goods and tools. As a result, our consumption exceeds the rate of oil production, and we plummet down Hubbert’s bell curve. And we do not get to rise up again in another bell curve of oil production, since oil reserves are not unlimited. This is reality, a reality we have to face and to prepare

Canton City School District Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Canton City School District - Term Paper Example It is also possible that some or all of the group members could have poor communication skills; thus making the efficiency of the team poor. Canton City School District runs many public school institutions that serve a large number of students in the U.S. The schools range from elementary, middle, to high schools. The schools have different administrations that work to provide the children who enroll in them with quality education. In a study conducted recently, it was established that the group of institutions have been performing below their expected standards due to several reasons. These reasons include role conflicts among the administration groups, poor communication, lack of cohesiveness in groups with diverse members, and excessive conflicts in the groups. This paper will discuss how each of the identified problems could impact a group’s productivity. Role conflicts within groups Role conflicts in groups are common phenomena. While some roles may be well spelt out in t erms of the competence level required, some could be handled by all the members of the selected groups. Normally, people like to take up the roles that are less physically and mentally demanding while they are working on a group project. This becomes a great challenge when the members of a given group refuse to take up on some of the tasks that they are assigned. In some groups, the leaders may choose to assign the challenging tasks to specific people. Picking on team members may be a manifestation of rivalry at work, which has adverse effects on the performance of the human assets (Gaunt, 2011). There are many negative results that emanate from role conflicts within a group. First, the competence level that employees apply while working on conflicted tasks is rarely high enough to give the required results. When some of the members feel like they have been treated unfairly in the allocation of group tasks, they get demoralized to give their best performance (Gaunt, 2011). Second, w hen a group disagrees about the roles in the group, the organization of the group becomes dysfunctional. Most groups disagree about the leadership roles. Everyone in a group may be striving to assume leadership so that they can have the authority and power to boss the rest of the group. In other cases, there may be parties in the group who do not approve of some leaders. This breaks down the cooperation factor that is required in a group. Group conflicts slow down the rate at which the team works on the designated assignment. The members spend more time arguing things out rather than working on the relevant activities. The competence level of the members is also significantly lowered since they lack a motivating factor within the group. This eventually translates to poor performance or total failure in the delegated duties. Members of the conflicting group create rivalry and enmity among themselves and this cripples their ability to articulate ideas. Role conflicts within a group ha ve caused many organizations to fail in the realization of the major stakeholder’s objectives (Gaunt, 2011). Communication problems Communication is a vital aspect of any group work. The members of the group need to have good communication skills so that they can effectively forward their ideas to the rest of the members. Whenever there is a communication breakdown within a group, the members are not able to effectively cooperate when handling the

Water Cost Problem in United States: Expansion and Solution

Water Cost Problem in United States: Expansion and Solution Introduction Over the past one decade, there has been an immense increase in water usage in United States of America. This is as a result of increasing population, as well as advanced development in industries and settlements, among many other reasons. The steady rise of water usage has conversely increased the cost of water in a number of states, which is now being considered as a looming problem. According to latest research, there is an increased outcry from the public domain, regarding the ever-escalating prices of acquiring water. In respect to this, there should be quick solutions into the matter, or else the nation will be burden with outrageous costs of water. Moreover, it must be understood that increased costs of providing water, leads to adverse water shortage, since few people can only afford it. However, a closer look into this situation increases the puzzle on what is the main reason behind water shortages and pollution. (Grimm, et al, 2008) Causes of water shortage and pollution There are a number of causes behind increased water shortage and pollutions; however below are some of the most substantial causes. Increase production of farming and agriculture industry Environmental experts claim that the lack of sustainable agriculture is the biggest challenge or threat to the environment. The increased farming production to counter the inefficient food production, consequentially leads to pollution, deforestation and water shortages. It is believed that agricultural industry wastes around 65% or 1450 trillion liters, of the 2500 trillion liters of water is uses per year. The poor agricultural practice is very harmful to the environment where it drains up rivers, lakes, as well as underground water sources. In return it increases soli salinity, hence degrading its quality. On the other hand, by washing pesticides and pollutants into rivers, the sources of water get polluted at the end of the day. A lot of fingers have been pointed towards leaky irrigation systems, which causes water shortages. Other processes which causes water shortage includes; the cultivation of thirsty crops; pollution by agro-chemicals, and lastly wasteful field application m ethods. However, it must be understood that the waste and pollution of water, is worsened by; poor public awareness of the crisis, misdirected subsidies, and irrational environmental legislation. (Grimm, et al, 2008) Increase in regional heavy industry Over the last decade, there has been an increase in manufacturing and production industries, in various states. This is in line with industrialization vision of America. However, these industries require a lot of water, in order to successfully operate. For instance, large volumes of water are required to cool off huge industrial machines, wash all sorts of raw materials, used as an industrial solvent, among many other uses. The sudden water demand in these industries, has conversely led to water shortage, since there was no enough water reserves to counter such challenges. Consequently, these industries are forced to scramble for the little available water, hence increasing the costs of water in return. Expansion of major cities such as Los Angeles Over the last five decades, the human population America has increased dramatically. This development has been coupled up with urbanizations, where people exploit virgin regions to build towns and settlements. Unfortunately, urbanization of places has negatively affected water ecosystems, resulting to a great loss of biodiversity. For instance, a lot of people are now living near river basins, which are subjected to water stress. With such scenarios, the concerns about water availability increases, while the use of freshwater carries on at unsustainable amounts. The increase in towns and cities, mean that there is an increase in clothing, shelter, and food which results to additional pressure on existing water sources, through the production of the products. Moreover, business and residential developments in these cities and towns puts a lot of pressure on water ecosystems, which in return does nothing but escalates water shortage levels. (Grimm, et al, 2008) Effects Increased water prices in most cities When water becomes scarce due to the aforementioned causes, the public will be forced to brace themselves for tough water prices. For instance, a region like California is experiencing excruciating water prices, due to the drought it is facing. (Seager, 2009) Since it will be costly to supply and fetch for more water due to the shortages, prices will conversely have to go up to cater for extra expenditures. Consequentially, water usage will decrease with the increase in water prices, hence being a serious challenge for America as a nation. Unequal distribution of water resources Water shortages can also be intensified by the unequal distribution of available water over time and space. On the other hand, putting more pressure on the reliable and safe water supply will lead to the government providing water resources unequally. In this case, water resources will have to be distributed in respect to priorities, in order to ensure water reaches more important sectors than others. Major cities facing problem of adapting more urban residents Urbanization normally requires increased water supply so that it can cater for residential purposes. However, the ever growing population in cities implies an increased demand for water, which puts an additional pressure on available fresh water. Since it is the responsibility of city authorities, to provide clean, safe and reliable water, it will be very strenuous to meet all these needs. This will imply that the cities will have trouble accommodating the ever-increasing city population. (Glennon, 2010) Potential biohazard situation may happen in population condensed area There is a possibility of a large population of people to be affected by biohazards, due to this whole situation. For instance, owing to the increasing urbanization and industrialization processes, most important sources of water, such as wetlands have been destroyed. Destruction of wetlands increases the possibilities of serious biohazards to occur and affect condensed populations. This is because wetlands, which are often known to offer a range of ecosystem services that benefit people, from storms, floods, will have been otherwise destroyed, hence putting lives of many in jeopardy. In addition, water shortages will lead to a serious food shortage, which will lead to increased infant mortality, as well as decreased life expectancy for population-condensed areas. Conclusion In many cases, it is always challenging to pin point the main cause of water shortage. Normally, various factors collectively cause this problem. Nonetheless, one fact America is sure of, its economy cannot stand the increasing water shortages. (Glennon, 2010) Subsequently, in order to meet the supply and demand of water, there should be a greater focus on the causes and the solutions of water supply shortages. For instance, the available water resources should be well redistributed in various states. This will ensure that water shortage is cut down, by some extent, since unequal distribution of water normally leads to this menace. For example, regions which have large water demands should be allocated with, a relatively larger water resources, so that it would curb the whole problem. As for heavy industry, a new technology should be embraced, where it will greatly cut down the usage of water. For example, cooling down of industrial machines can be replaced by use of effective fans a nd other coolant systems, instead of using excessive water. This will immensely save water, which can be used to do other equally important activities. (Bouwer, 2002) Then again, the country should also embrace sustainable agricultural practices, which will reduce the usage of water in America. For example, excessive wastage of water, through leaking irrigation systems, can be corrected by using a more cost-effective and water-conserving systems. Those states that are still planting thirsty plants should transfer these farming practices to other alternative places, which will have no effect on the country’s water volume. References Bouwer, H. (2002). Integrated water management for the 21st century: problems and solutions.Journal of Irrigation Drainage Engineering,128(4), 193-202. Glennon, R. J. (2010).Unquenchable: Americas water crisis and what to do about it. Island Press. Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., Briggs, J. M. (2008). Global change and the ecology of cities.science,319(5864), 756-760. Seager, R., Tzanova, A., Nakamura, J. (2009). Drought in the Southern United States: causes, variability over the last years, and the potential for future hydroclimate change.Journal of Climate,22(19), 5021-5045.

International impact on Telephone Company :: essays research papers

International Internet Telephony has been evolving since its introduction in mid-1990s. With the Information Technology changing rapidly, different companies that work in telecommunications market are using various strategies to stay competitive. The main change has been noticed has been when more and more companies become IP carriers and multiple services providers whereas certain companies have refrained from any expansion into new infrastructure.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For a growing number of telecommuting workers, a cell phone, a PDA, and a high-speed laptop can be indispensable tools for earning an honest day’s pay. Thus telecommunication companies have to stay competitive in today’s tough market to survive. For example, AOL recently began to offer â€Å"AOL anywhere†, service that allows users to check their email, instant messages, news headlines, stock portfolios, and other key features any time and anywhere. Or there is another service that is available only for AOL members – it is AOL TV that allows its users to do those essential to the users everyday things with their TV. AOL has always been known for providing â€Å"the most convenient and easiest-to-use interactive service available,† and that is why AOL is one of the competitors for telephone companies such as Qwest or AT&T. (http://www.corp.aol.com/whoweare.html) AOL is also the only truly global interactive service provider, offer ing AOL services in 16 countries in 8 languages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  With the development of technology, customers’ demand is increasing as well. And Thus telephone companies are doing everything they can â€Å"to be on top† of the market. For instance, in 1999, Qwest Communications International, Inc. had an investment into Rhythms NetConnections Inc. for performance-class digital subscriber line (DSL) connectivity to addition that Rhythms has agreed to provide space to Qwest in their local facilities for collocation of call processing equipment and to use Qwest as its preferred web hosting provider. Rhythms provides high-speed networking solutions for remote access to private networks and the Internet. (http://www.qwest.com/about/media/pressroom/1,1720,162_archive,00.html?printVersion=1&xmlFilename=1999Apr07162&storyId=162) As Qwest’s competitor, â€Å"AT&T's continued financial strength helped underwrite growth and improvement, from the multi-billion-dollar digitalization of its entire network, through a sustained move into the international market and nearly 200 countries, to major mergers and acquisitions.† (http://www.att.com/history/history2.html) For example, in 1998, AT&T had invested over $70 billion in the company's future and redefining its services and products. In 1999, AT&T extended its reach through the local service businesses, broadband cable companies and wireless providers that were acquired in the past several years. â€Å"More than 75 percent of its capital investment went into growth businesses, up from 60 percent in 1998.

Art History Essay

I have had to date a career in event and music management. I studied drama at Manchester Met University and then left to work in event and music management. I have had a passion for art since childhood. Over the past three years i have sought to use this enthusiasm to good effect. I focused on discovering new talent and learning about the process of creation and also the curating of exhibitions. This lead to me creating a pop up exhibition for students at Central Saint Martins in a vacant space on the Portland estate in Marylebone. I also worked in collaboration with commercial clients; Art related fashion Installations at The Saint Martin’s lane hotel alongside the Opera Gallery on Bond Street and also in New York for the Morgan’s hotel group. I started up an event management company with two other people. We parted company and i used the quite challenging period after this to rethink my ideas and what i wanted to do with my life. I read around the subject of Art History extensively during this period. I am now assisting my father in his emerging market advisory company. i have persuaded him to consider developing the cultural industries side of the business with a focus on exploring market opportunities in Africa in relation to art. I want to underpin this with increasing my academic and practical knowledge of contemporary art. In the past i have completed number of courses at Central Saint Martin’s school of arts in art politics and also an introduction into curating. In the weekly classes it gave me the basic framework and understanding of contemporary art, artists and museums. Within the curating course you learnt to build ideas on exhibition making and also gain an understanding of historical models of the past that really aided me in my professional collaborations. These courses have motivated me to this point and really cemented the idea of studying in more depth and looking at the business of Art as a career. I am currently attending Morley College and studying a short course in Japanese Prints and French art in the middle ages which are both coming to an end. I looked at the Sotheby’s course in contemporary art and it seems a natural progression from what I have done in the past and will aid to my further studies in the history of art this year and a career in the arts.

My Brothers Choice essays

My Brothers Choice essays Drug abuse In the United States of America, we, the people value several things, some of which are freedom, expanding and taking care of our families and our financial security. We, the people, take such things for granted. We also discourage some behavior, such as crime, laziness and use of illegal drugs. Drug abuse is one of the most discouraged behaviors in our country. Use of illegal drugs is harmful to the user and ~~~ those with whom the user comes in contact. I have a brother that is an alcoholic and user of crack cocaine. As a child he was a loner. He had very few friends, but he mostly kept to himself. When we were growing up, yes my parents both drank, and we had to go through the weekends of parties, hanging out that our parents did. However, my brother was the only one who waited up to see if mom and dad would get home. Perhaps thats when he started to drink. He was a functioning alcoholic since his youth and no one knew. The most popular drug in America, alcohol, is gener~~~y thought of as soci~~~y acceptable and relatively harmless. But it can have devastating effects. Alcohol might seem very harmless but it can harm the user very easily. Alcohol was and continues to be easy to obtain and consume. It is taken as a beverage and, since it is legal, it can be purchased at the corner store. In New York where we grew up, drinking wine was the fad to most of the teens in our era the 60s and 70s. Most of the kids I saw drinking norm~~~y drank a lot in the mornings and weeknights. I never saw my brother drinking, but knew he acted different from the rest of us. My brother was very close to our mother, so when she died he absolutely lost it. He became even more distant and the drinking increased to the point that we could no longer tolerated his behavior. I did not understand his problem, until I became an adult. He was more than a social drinker. Rationalizations and intel...

Free Essays on The Learned Illness

Carillo 1 Debates have been occurring on the classification of alcoholism since early times. Is alcoholism a disease or is it a learned behavior? For most, alcohol is a common factor at parties, celebrations, and perhaps even everyday life. Many people abuse alcohol by developing risky drinking patterns. They develop cravings and a high tolerance, allowing them to increase the intake of alcohol and believe that they need more to satisfy a taste. There is also the loss of control and(,) very importantly(,) the physical dependency. Withdrawal symptoms heighten(,) making it difficult to quit drinking. So, is this term â€Å"alcoholism† really a disease, or can the individual control their behavior? Medical organizations have researched this condition over and over(,) running tests, experimenting, and analyzing. There is potential that the nature of this condition could very well be classified as a disease. Symptoms are one key in defining a disease, but complications come about in the definition. There is a mental obsession with alcohol. One can lose control of their thought processes(,) causing a sense power loss. (this last phrase is confusing – do you mean a loss of sensory power?) This can lead to a physical obsession and compulsion to drink. Although alcoholism has almost been deemed by everyone as incurable, there (replace with â€Å"it†) is the (replace with â€Å"a†) progressive disease. Progressive meaning it makes drastic changes at a subtle pace. It may progress over such an extended time, (delete) that the alcoholic doesn’t realize the changes. In actuality there is no evidence that alcoholism is in fact a disease. It does not even satisfy the meaning of and (spelling: an) illness. Scientific canalizations ( I’m not sure what you mean by this term) have failed in providing concrete facts and solid proof that alcoholism is a learned, and controllable, behavior. An Carillo 2 old A.A. group even... Free Essays on The Learned Illness Free Essays on The Learned Illness Carillo 1 Debates have been occurring on the classification of alcoholism since early times. Is alcoholism a disease or is it a learned behavior? For most, alcohol is a common factor at parties, celebrations, and perhaps even everyday life. Many people abuse alcohol by developing risky drinking patterns. They develop cravings and a high tolerance, allowing them to increase the intake of alcohol and believe that they need more to satisfy a taste. There is also the loss of control and(,) very importantly(,) the physical dependency. Withdrawal symptoms heighten(,) making it difficult to quit drinking. So, is this term â€Å"alcoholism† really a disease, or can the individual control their behavior? Medical organizations have researched this condition over and over(,) running tests, experimenting, and analyzing. There is potential that the nature of this condition could very well be classified as a disease. Symptoms are one key in defining a disease, but complications come about in the definition. There is a mental obsession with alcohol. One can lose control of their thought processes(,) causing a sense power loss. (this last phrase is confusing – do you mean a loss of sensory power?) This can lead to a physical obsession and compulsion to drink. Although alcoholism has almost been deemed by everyone as incurable, there (replace with â€Å"it†) is the (replace with â€Å"a†) progressive disease. Progressive meaning it makes drastic changes at a subtle pace. It may progress over such an extended time, (delete) that the alcoholic doesn’t realize the changes. In actuality there is no evidence that alcoholism is in fact a disease. It does not even satisfy the meaning of and (spelling: an) illness. Scientific canalizations ( I’m not sure what you mean by this term) have failed in providing concrete facts and solid proof that alcoholism is a learned, and controllable, behavior. An Carillo 2 old A.A. group even...

Environmental Fluid Mechanics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Essay Example Underground streams, in caves are considered open channels as long as they have free surfaces. Natural channels are usually irregular in cross section and alignment and in character and roughness of stream bed. Streams with erodible material may frequently or continuously shift their location and cross-section. Such irregularities and changes in natural streams introduce engineering problems, for example, in navigation and flood control, which treats only of flow in fixed channels of uniform roughness. Artificial channels are those that are built for various purposes. In water power development, water is brought from streams or reservoirs to head works above water plants. In irrigation, water is brought from streams or reservoirs to storage ponds or tanks or directly to lands to be irrigated. In the city water supply, water is brought from streams or storage reservoirs to ponds supplying city distribution systems. Sewerage, city sewerage, although usually covered conduits or pipes, o rdinarily are designed as open channels because they are not supposed to flow but to have a free surface under atmospheric pressure. In drainage, low-lying, swampy, or waterlogged lands are frequently made productive by draining them through open ditches or by laying and covering pipe which may or may not flow full. In flood control, protection of cities or valuable lands from floods often requires improving a natural channel by straightening, cleaning, or paving to increase its capacity, or buy building additional flood channels on new locations. Design of the open channel: From the topographic map that was taken from the Data Library, University of Edinburgh, the first thing to be done is to modify further the topographic map. The designation of elavations to 1(one) meter interval to get the precise elevation of the pathway of the proposed design of the open channel is important. From the modified topographic map, we are now able to pinpoint the exact location or track of the open channel. From the elevation of Esthwaite water which is 65 meters, it will flow down to an elevation of 39 meters which is the elevation of Windermere Lake. The analysis of the critical points of the channel is very necessary because it will determine the design of the open channel to be constructed. The length of the open channel is approximately 3.25 kilometers from Esthwaite Water to WindermereLake. Assign point 0+000 at the mouth of the channel which is at southern most tip of Esthwaite Water. Hence, cross-section of the open channel track at a 100 meters interval must b e plotted in order to make the specific design or the slope and elevation at that particular place or station. Aside from the plotting of the 100 meter interval of the proposed track, critical points must also be noted and, cross sectional drawings must be done. This is to make sure that the design of the open channel is efficient, and that the estimate to be done in the construction is factual. But as we can see from the open channel layout map, the elevation from the southern tip of Estwaite Water which is station 0+000 to station 2+000 is constant. But at station 0+030, the channel will have to cross a road. The road elevation is at approximately 67 meters as shown in the map, therefore the channel

Teaching and learning challenges and strategies Essay

Teaching and learning challenges and strategies - Essay Example Diversity is both a challenge and opportunity for a teacher. In a heterogeneous classroom, it is typical to encounter different personalities among children, and alongside with these differences is the challenge for the teacher to encourage them to learn. This difficult task is at times neglected by the teachers, thinking that their primary obligation is to teach, only. However, the real scenario contradicts this notion. Since real teaching cannot be employed without student participation, it is the teacher’s task to set her students in the class, in a way that they are motivated to listen and ready to learn. On the other hand, external and internal factors can hinder this process. Using published case studies, reports, books, and educational research, this paper will discuss the challenges of teachers in deploying effective teaching-learning activities and possible teaching strategies which may relieve the problem. Issues relating to the physical/neurological and social probl ems may cripple a child’s ability to learn; and while there is no common teaching strategy applicable to all learners, it is still the teacher’s task to inculcate learning amidst factors that can serve as an obstacle in fulfilling it, through innovation of the known strategies and its application to different learning situation. Part I: Challenges of Teachers in Employing Effective Learning Physiological and Neurological Factors to Hinder Successful Learning Process The cross-disciplinary approach to the learning environment envisions the utilization of real world situations to solve complex problems is called authentic learning (Lombardi, 2007, p. 2). The role of the teacher in the 21st century plan for authentic learning is generally as a â€Å"facilitator† wherein the traditional discussion type’s purpose is only to give a brief knowledge to the children about an information. The rest of the stages are subject to the exploratory activities of the learn ers (please see figure 3 of appendix C). However, finding relevance to activities in connection with reality may not seem to be an easy task for all types of learners. The proliferation of special education substantiated the tremendous change with regard to the treatment of the so-called â€Å"invisible minority,† otherwise known as the disabled population. The term evolved in the turn of modern thoughts which are undiscriminating to various physical and mental conditions as reference of social productiveness. Nowadays, the disabled are acceptably known as â€Å"special people.† In the matters of education, it has been a continuing challenge for teachers of children with special needs to assist learning, though they have taken the necessary, proper education and training needed. The challenge resides within the maxim of education which mentions about the uniqueness of each learner, much so with the uniqueness of learners belonging to the special group. It is therefore imperative that before contemplating on the professional and moral obligations of the teacher, one must be able to answer the several â€Å"why’s† concerning the situation of these children. In the United Kingdom, there are an estimated 1.5 million people who have learning disabilities (Mencap, n.d.), and they are categorized according to the specific condition they posses. However, a common trait existing regardless of categories is their difficulty of information processing. This difficulty is the reason why they are generally separated from the mainstream learning groups. Common conditions which are directly associated with special education is autism and ADHD, and although it is not considered as a â€Å"learning disability,† dyslexia suffers children and becomes a major problem for teachers, all at the same time. In the case of Autism Because of the lack of information regarding this condition, it is more convenient to define it with the corresponding chara cteristics seen from individuals having this disorder. Rudy (2009) defined autism as one of

IT-9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

IT-9 - Essay Example Assuming that my bank was built not so much on commercial accounts, but those from consumer accounts, recovery methods would be streamlined in order to prevent a horde of angry customers who withdraw their accounts from our bank in search of another, more efficient bank. It would be difficult to say that one is more important than the other, because I think it would depend on the nature of the specific business as to whether one evaluation factor provides a better outcome. RTO, recovery time objective, is a metric which determines the maximum amount of time that a specific business-related transaction can be allowed to not function without harming the business. RPO, recovery point objective, measures the volume of "in-process" transactions that can be lost without causing significant harm to the business activities. For example, RTO evaluation might determine that electronic deposit transactions could be delayed for 36 hours without affecting the customer or profitability objectives. As part of the recovery process, 24-36 hours should be the maximum allowed time to be without deposit verification. RPO might determine that only a small amount of transactional data can be lost without causing financial woes, so the recovery efforts must back-up and protect these important transactions immediately when a failure occurs. If the bank is large enough, RPO might be more important than RTO; or vice versa. Yes, I believe that the life cycle management efforts are a quality option for ensuring that the appropriate amount and substance of data is kept, rather than constantly backing it up and storing it for years. Any business is going to have outdated data, possibly in need of removing information, say, when an old CEO has left and another has taken his or her position. All of the files associated with the original position, unless mandated by law, would be of little to

Is Our Country Too Small to Sustain so Many Professional Sports Teams Essay Example for Free

Is Our Country Too Small to Sustain so Many Professional Sports Teams Essay Is our country too small to sustain so many professional sports teams? This question is being asked and written about a lot lately. New Zealand sport is fairly strong in places but there are a lot of negatives. But many great sporting triumphs have come out our tiny sports crazy country. But it is debatable wether or not provincial sport is going well at the moment. Teams are dropping out of competitions and are running out of money. On the other hand our country has had some great sporting milestones and our provincial sport is a stepping-stone for some of our world-class athletes to make their mark on the world. Firstly many provincial teams are losing money or are in debt. This either forces teams to drop out of an upcoming season or completely fold. For example the Otago Nuggets had to drop out of the NBL (National Basketball League) in 2009 because of financial reasons. But thanks to their major sponsor Oceania Gold they are back in the League. The Otago Rugby Football Union who over four years lost nearly $4 million and have just announced they may go into liquidation and miss the 2012 ITM Cup. This all starts because unions are spending more money to buy players, coaches, staff, flights and accommodation than what they can afford. With teams going into debt they cannot afford to buy their star players, buying star players maybe good for the team in the short run but can end badly in the long run. This is bad because with a team pulling out does not give locals the chance to get recognised on the big stage where their career could start. This is also bad for big sports fans in a region, as they do not have a team to support. With all the negative points there are positives like there is so many sporting milestones being reached. For such a small country we compete very well against the rest of the world, in some cases we are even world champions. This makes me proud to be a New Zealander. E. g. The All Blacks finally won the rugby world cup after a 24-year drought, 3 times loosing to France. Or the New Zealand Breakers winning the Australian National Basketball League and becoming the first New Zealand team to win an Australian competition beating the Warriors in the NRL for rugby league and the Phoenix in the A-league for soccer. Or The Silver Ferns Beating the world champions in the final of the netball in the commonwealth games and finally the Kiwis who won the last Rugby League World Cup showing that national sport in New Zealand is very strong. It is important having strong national teams as it is a good reputation to have as a country, and for such a sports crazy nation it is good to see New Zealand win. Lastly, for great sportsmen and women provincial level is where is all begins on their journey to greatness. Many great sportsmen have been recognised from sports in New Zealand. E. g. Brendon McCullum who plays cricket for Otago and New Zealand got a contract for US$900,000 by an Indian cricket club, the Kolkata Night Riders. McCullum is now one of the best Twenty/Twenty players in the world. Another example is Kirk Penny. Penny had a great season for the New Zealand Breakers basketball team. A European club, Madrid Fuenlabrada signed him and he is now making his mark in Spain. This is important as it helps world-class athletes from New Zealand be known to the rest of the world. In conclusion we see that professional sport in New Zealand has its downsides being that teams are going broke or defunct but many positives like our national teams doing well and New Zealand players being recognised worldwide. We can see there are many positives and negatives but most professional sports in New Zealand are strong and I believe New Zealand sport is great.

The Catcher In The Rye: Book Review :: essays research papers

The Catcher In The Rye: Book Review The Catcher In The Rye, written by J.D. Salinger, is a fictional novel that was first published in 1965. The novel takes place in New York City and in Pennsylvania over a duration of four days. This novel tells the story of an emotionally disturbed teenager who has been kicked out of a boarding school. The story is told from the point of view of a teenager who is the narrator of the story. The main character in this novel is Holden Caulfield. He is sixteen years old and serves as the narrator of this novel. Holden does not like anybody or anything around him. He is an emotionally troubled kid and has many problems with his life. Phoebe is Holden's little sister. She is ten years old and lives at home with their parents. Phoebe really admires and loves her big brother, Holden. This novel begins when Holden is in a mental hospital in California. The novel is a flashback of the events over a time period of four days. The flashback starts off when Holden gets kicked out of his boarding school, Pency Prep, because he is failing most of his classes. Holden decides to go into New York City for a couple of days until his parents will be expecting him home for Christmas vacation. Holden goes to bars and meets with friends during this time. On the third night, Holden decides to go and visit his sister, Phoebe. Phoebe is one of the only people that Holden actually loves. Holden talks to Phoebe about his life being a failure. He is trying to understand life and his place in the world. Holden decides that he wants to go see Mr. Antolini, an old teacher, to help him get a better understanding of his life. At Mr. Antolini's home, Holden discusses many of the problems that he is facing. Mr. Antolini tells Holden that he has to learn not to hate everyone around him. He has to learn to love people. Holden is told that he has to think about his future. He has to decide when he is going to start to take life seriously and apply himself in school. Holden's conversation with Mr. Antolini is the climax of the novel. This is the point of the novel when Holden starts to listen and understand his problems. He realizes that it is time he put his life back on the right track. The next day, Holden returns home to his family. Holden is taken directly to a

Socrates Essay example -- essays research papers

Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the life of Socrates. Central Idea: I plan on telling the audience what Philosophy is, who Socrates was, and the methods he used in teaching his philosophy. INTRODUCTION Attention Getter: "The unexamined life is not worth living." This is the most famous quote of the most popular philosopher of all time: Socrates. Reveal Topic: I plan on telling you what philosophy is and how Socrates viewed philosophy. Credibility: I am able to speak on this topic because I have taken a philosophy course, and I have done extensive research in to Socrates life. Central Idea: I plan on telling the audience what philosophy is, who Socrates was, and tell the way he viewed philosophy in order to better understand his quote. (Connective: First, lets talk about what philosophy is.) BODY I. Philosophy is a term with many meanings. A. Philosophy is the process of thinking through every little question imaginable to try to come up with the most rational explanation or truth. B. It is an attempt to describe "the ultimate and real nature of reality." C. Philosophy also helps us to determine the limits of out knowledge by its source, value, nature and validity. D. It is a continuous thought process searching for the underlying knowledge of all causes or things as they appear to us, finding out why a thing is what it is. (Connective: Now let's learn a little about Socrates life.) II. Socrates's Life A. He grew up in Athens with little schooling. B. He married late in life but did have 3 sons. C. He was a political figure because of his wisdom, but never was interested in running for any type of public office. D. He was a major figure during a war which is where he first gained his recognition. E. He wrote none of his thoughts down. The information we have about him today comes from one of his students, his best, Plato. He recorded several of the dialogs he had with Socrates and put them in a book. F. His main... ...le he was in prison. They had actually devised an escape plan, and also a guard "forgot" to lock the door, but Socrates said he wanted to comply with the law and die for his reason, cause, and beliefs. F. He said he didn't fear death because you can't fear anything you don't have any knowledge of. CONCLUSION Well, I hope everyone can come up with their own interpretation of why the unexamined life wasn't and isn't worth living. According to Socrates, we should be asking questions about everything we see, hear, or think we know. I interpret the quote as having to know yourself inside and out. You have to come up with your own beliefs and values, not the one's of anyone else. I believe to have a happy life, you have to examine and know every little aspect of your life. If your thoughts and beliefs aren't questioned by yourself over and over again, how will you know if they are your thoughts or the ones of others'? If you are living the values and beliefs of your best friend or a group of friends, the values are not your own, so therefor, your life is unexamined and why should you live a life that isn't yours? Socrates Essay example -- essays research papers Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the life of Socrates. Central Idea: I plan on telling the audience what Philosophy is, who Socrates was, and the methods he used in teaching his philosophy. INTRODUCTION Attention Getter: "The unexamined life is not worth living." This is the most famous quote of the most popular philosopher of all time: Socrates. Reveal Topic: I plan on telling you what philosophy is and how Socrates viewed philosophy. Credibility: I am able to speak on this topic because I have taken a philosophy course, and I have done extensive research in to Socrates life. Central Idea: I plan on telling the audience what philosophy is, who Socrates was, and tell the way he viewed philosophy in order to better understand his quote. (Connective: First, lets talk about what philosophy is.) BODY I. Philosophy is a term with many meanings. A. Philosophy is the process of thinking through every little question imaginable to try to come up with the most rational explanation or truth. B. It is an attempt to describe "the ultimate and real nature of reality." C. Philosophy also helps us to determine the limits of out knowledge by its source, value, nature and validity. D. It is a continuous thought process searching for the underlying knowledge of all causes or things as they appear to us, finding out why a thing is what it is. (Connective: Now let's learn a little about Socrates life.) II. Socrates's Life A. He grew up in Athens with little schooling. B. He married late in life but did have 3 sons. C. He was a political figure because of his wisdom, but never was interested in running for any type of public office. D. He was a major figure during a war which is where he first gained his recognition. E. He wrote none of his thoughts down. The information we have about him today comes from one of his students, his best, Plato. He recorded several of the dialogs he had with Socrates and put them in a book. F. His main... ...le he was in prison. They had actually devised an escape plan, and also a guard "forgot" to lock the door, but Socrates said he wanted to comply with the law and die for his reason, cause, and beliefs. F. He said he didn't fear death because you can't fear anything you don't have any knowledge of. CONCLUSION Well, I hope everyone can come up with their own interpretation of why the unexamined life wasn't and isn't worth living. According to Socrates, we should be asking questions about everything we see, hear, or think we know. I interpret the quote as having to know yourself inside and out. You have to come up with your own beliefs and values, not the one's of anyone else. I believe to have a happy life, you have to examine and know every little aspect of your life. If your thoughts and beliefs aren't questioned by yourself over and over again, how will you know if they are your thoughts or the ones of others'? If you are living the values and beliefs of your best friend or a group of friends, the values are not your own, so therefor, your life is unexamined and why should you live a life that isn't yours?

Financial Information Systems Essay

INTRODUCTION Financing is the important function of every business organizations, Computer based financial information systems(FIS) support financial managers in decisions concerning. The financing of business, the allocation and control of financial resources. What is finance ? Finance is the art and science of managing money. Virtually all individuals and organisations earn or rise money and spend or invest money. Finance is concerned with the process, institutions, markets and instruments involved in the transfer of money among and between individuals, business and governments. Major FIS Categories Include Cash & investment management Capital budgeting Financial forecasting Financial planning Cash Management Collect information on all cash receipts and disbursements with in a company on a real time or periodic basis. This helps the business to deposit or invest excess funds more quickly. for cash flow forecasts. to determine cash collection programs and alternative financing or investments strategies with forecasted cash deficits or surplus. Online Investment Management Helps to financial management The process of buying, selling, or holding each type of security so that an optimum mix of securities is developed that minimizes risk and maximizes investment income for the business. Capital Budgeting Process of evaluating the profitability and financial impact of processed capital expenditures. Techniques in capital budgeting Payback Period (PBP) Net present value (NPV) Internal rate of return (IRR) Spreadsheets are heavily used for this process incorporates present value analysis of expected cash flows and probability analysis of risk to determine the optimum mix of capital. Financial Forecasting &Planning Financial forecasts concerning to †¦ Economic situation Business operations Type of financing available Interest rates Stock and bond prices Software’s used in FIS 1.Sage Accpac ERP Sage Accpac ERP offers the freedom of choice, seamless integration, high performance, and reliability that forward-thinking companies rely on to increase profitability and gain competitive advantage. Advantages Completely Web-Based Easy To Use and Customize Total Investment Protection Designed for Global Business Hundreds of Industry-Specific Solutions 2.SAP The e-commerce functionality in the SAP ® Business One application will help you bring your business to the public with a set of Web design tools that enable you to build and customize your online store. Create an online catalog where customers, salespeople, and partners can easily access your  products. Manage everything from taxes to inventory to pricing through a Web-based interface, all synchronized with SAP Business One. 3.Greentree Greentree’s main users are medium sized businesses, but it is also successfully used by many larger organizations. The Green tree product is seamlessly scalable to support the whole spectrum of businesses – from a small team to many hundreds of users. Features: Greentree is built around a core financial system, with seamless integration across distribution, job costing, manufacturing etc. The modular design will enable to implement a basic financial solution and add modules as the business grows or grows in complexity, or install a complete business management package from the outset. Greentree delivers both Windows-based and Linux-based software 4.Microsoft Dynamics AX Designed for mid-size and larger companies, It is a multi language, multicurrency enterprise resource planning (ERP) solution. Its core strengths are in manufacturing and e-business, and  it includes strong functionality for the wholesale and services industries. includes applications for financial management, customer relationship management, supply chain management, human resource management, project management, and analytics. It integrates with widely-familiar Microsoft products – such as Microsoft SQL Server, BizTalk Server, Exchange, Office, and Windows. Employees can work with tools that they’re already familiar. Financial Management Microsoft Dynamics AX delivers a range of financial capabilities for companies to consolidate accounts with subsidiaries or distribution centres, no matter where they are located. 5.SAP Business One SAP Business One provides you with instant access to your critical business information – when you need it to run your business. This comprehensive application covers all your core operations, giving you keen insight, so you  can confidently make informed business decisions. Features: All aspects of business become more agile, including administration, customer relationship management, operations, distributions, and financials. Helps in Accounting and Financials, Budgeting, Banking, Financial Reporting, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Business partner management.